Check sample loading
Excess sample mass or volume can overload the stationary phase and produce tailing. Reduce concentration or injection volume and compare the result.
Control mobile-phase pH
Ionizable analytes can tail when pH is poorly controlled or too close to the analyte pKa. Use a suitable buffer and maintain consistent preparation.
Evaluate secondary interactions
Basic or metal-sensitive compounds may interact with residual silanols or metal surfaces. Compare an appropriate high-purity, well-deactivated or metal-free configuration where applicable.
Inspect system connections
Poor fittings, dead volume, partially blocked frits and contaminated injector components can distort peak shape. Confirm tubing depth, connection quality and system cleanliness.
Assess column contamination
Strongly retained matrix may create active sites or uneven flow. Flush the column with a compatible strong solvent and replace the guard cartridge if used.